Author: Anthony Garner

  • Free Will?

    Free Will?

    An enormous amount of bullshit on the topic resolves into two simple polar opposites.

    Scientists believe that there is no room for true free will: there is no ghost in the machine, no non physical presence (call it a soul, or whatever you wish) which can alter or affect physical reality.

    A shrinking minority still believes in a soul or that consciousness is a fundamental property of the universe. The latter being a law on par with gravity or one of the other fundamental forces of nature.

    It is true that certain philosophers have tried to create an ugly botch job they call “compatibilism”: a nonsensical approach which tries to pretend free will can exist alongside pure physical determinism. But if you examine it dispassionately, you will find it depressingly feeble.  It admits no possibility of any true ability to interfere in the causal chain.

    “Causal Chain” – think about it in these terms.  Physics (matter and energy) is all that exists in reality: every single event (including every single thought) that has ever been or will ever be, is determined by what came before it. What “caused” it. Think of it like this: reality is a giant billiard table: everything which occurs happens as one billiard ball collides with another. Absolutely no choices are made or can ever be made. It all follows an everlasting and unbroken chain – everything depends entirely on the physical event which preceded it.

    So pure determinism (the idea at one polar extreme) holds that everything since the big bang and forward in time is entirely predictable and determined.  Or would be if we had enough computing power and information. 

    If you start investigating the subject you will find a horrible mess and a whole bunch of opinionated talking heads making absurd distinctions and talking of angels dancing on pinheads.

    So many hairs. So much splitting.

    Ignore it. Dip in if you must, but if you are purely rational and dispassionate in your investigation you will find the situation is as I describe above. The bullshit is in the detail – the endless petty arguments and stupid words, the thousands of ways in which the two polar opposites I describe are tarted up and carved up to try and find a way out of the apparent dilemma.

    It all boils down to belief: do you believe there is a ghost in the machine or don’t you.

    Science is not absolute, not all powerful. Not omniscient.  There are vast and glaring gaps in our knowledge of reality.

    That is why the existence (or otherwise) of free will is currently a matter of belief only. There are no facts, although the scientist will try and convince you otherwise. And indeed such evidence as has been discovered by no means favours free will. We are robots, or the audience in a cinema – merely watching what passes, unable to affect anything.  Unable to cause anything to happen.  Indeed, our very awareness is in many senses simply an illusion. Or thus claim the physicists.

    If you find yourself unable to believe in the scientific view then you might comfort yourself that what remains to be discovered about reality is likely to dwarf what we currently know. 

    And that a ghost of some sort may eventually poke its head out of the ether.

    Illustration: The Creation of Adam, Michelangelo

  • The Psychological and Physiological Reality of Meditation

    The Psychological and Physiological Reality of Meditation

    I write as a personal testimony, and out of gratitude.

    Aged nearly 70, most years of my life have been blighted by serious, black depression which began in childhood. Much has been written on the subject of depression over thousands of years and I feel no need to augment that sad collection.

    Instead I want to confirm success in turning my life around after so many desperate decades. I have written many times on the subject of meditation (and indeed depression) and after each occasion on which I have written, I have unconsciously left a long gap, feeling perhaps no immediate need to revisit the matter. It hardly makes for cheerful fare.

    I have studied meditation, mysticism, depression and related topics for more than 35 years and have read much by many authors, and many books whose authors are in effect unknown. Religious texts, books of psychology and philosophy, practical guides (many of which proved unworthy), dark nights of many souls. While there is some satisfaction in gathering knowledge, it proved of little use.

    As a closet ascetic, I dallied with meditation in a practical sense for many years but never with the persistence or determination necessary to prove efficacious.

    Without being able to give an accurate date, it seems to me that I have now been taking my practice in a very serious manner for around three years.

    If I am to be honest, there now seems little room for anything else in my life, but sacrifice sometimes has to be made to achieve a desired goal. And I am deeply thankful I have not made such a sacrifice in the pursuit of power or great wealth. Although I would in any event be deeply unsuited to such a course of action.

    My practice has changed much over the past three years. I no longer use self hypnosis although it proved useful initially. By now, the descent into a meditative state of mind happens more or less on demand whenever summoned.

    In the beginning it was a chore, an effort. Even 20 minutes seemed eternal, accompanied by a tedious desire to sneak a look at a clock to see when my time was up. I worried about technique, I fussed over letting thoughts go. I obsessed about what my practice was supposed to achieve and whether I was making any headway. In any direction.

    Over time, I slowly expanded my 20 minute slots and simply ceased to worry. It all became very natural, it began to happen on its own and without effort. And it has become increasingly pleasurable – although the purists will tell you that is not the point at all. Perhaps pleasurable is not the right word but it has certainly become addictive for the utter peace it inevitably brings.

    And that peace has spread out into the rest of my life. Which is not to claim I never get irritable, just that my default state is now one of calm and acceptance, enjoyment even – in a quiet sort of way.

    I could talk and lecture forever but none of my words will make a blind bit of difference to you. Do as I do rather than hear my words. Practice, routinely and regularly and for lengthening periods of time. Relax and don’t fuss – keep at it and the magic will slowly creep in, almost without you noticing.

    No one should be deterred by my obsession – I feel sure that most would find great benefit without letting meditation take over their lives. Perhaps I was a tough case, perhaps I needed to be compulsive to effect a cure. There again, obsession and deep concentration on the matter in hand is my nature.

    I happened to meditate for an hour and a half this morning before I got up, but then I am retired and can afford the time. I’m sure others who still toil at the coal face of capitalism or elsewhere would find much benefit in 15 to 20 minutes here and there during the day.

    I have also had to make serious changes in my life, none of which I regret. For me, these adjustments have been absolutely necessary – but perhaps others can get off more lightly.

    Everything has become about right living, as our Buddhist friends might say. I don’t drink or smoke, I am pretty well a vegetarian and I exercise with reasonable vigour every day without fail. Often for several hours.

    I have consciously tried to refine my behaviour, much along the lines of the three wise monkeys. Its not a source of pride or self congratulation – I just feel better that way.

    I don’t socialise very much and when I do I am very picky about my company. Social butterflies, business people, politicians hold little appeal. Snobbery has become an anathema. Braying voices of the privileged few grate against my nerves, and so my club can prove a tiresome trial sometimes.

    So that is how I lead my life and, like it or not it works for me. As long as I don’t let the routine slip, if I stay well away from computers, algorithms and complex derivative arbitrage, the sun tends to shine. Let any of the old life back in and the cumulonimbus incus rapidly reappears. My hedonic baseline has risen – it is as simple and incontrovertible as that.

    Some may be tempted to think that my experiences are merely subjective, or that I am a teller of untruths.

    I can say that I am not, but you have no need to believe me. You can find ample evidence that others have reported similar success and it may be worthwhile to summarise what seem generally to be the psychological and physiologic effects of the long term and serious practice of meditation. It is also worth looking at the physical evidence of change found in practitioners by medical research and testing.

    My advice these days would be to avoid a religious or historic interpretation of the practice. Tales of mysticism east and west, earnest advice from Buddhas and gurus – all of that confabulates the matter into a fantastic and generally unhelpful mishmash of semi religious garbage.

    Stick with the science and the therapists and you are likely to see the reality far more clearly.

    To cut through the nonsense search for (in strictly secular terms) the effects of long term, serious dedicated meditation. You are likely to end up with something like the following summary:

    On a strictly secular and scientific basis, long-term, dedicated meditation can lead to measurable and lasting changes in brain structure and function, emotional regulation, and physiological health. The effects extend beyond simple relaxation, training the brain to be more resilient, focused, and emotionally balanced. 

    Neurological effects

    • Increased gray matter: Long-term meditators show increased gray matter volume in several brain regions, including the frontal lobe, hippocampus, and insula. These areas are associated with attention, learning, memory, and emotion regulation, suggesting that meditation helps preserve brain structure against age-related decline.
    • Enhanced neural connectivity: Meditation improves the neural connections between different parts of the brain. Studies show increased connectivity between the prefrontal cortex (involved in executive function) and the default mode network (DMN), the system associated with mind-wandering and self-referential thought. This improved communication enables better focus and emotional regulation.
    • Reduced amygdala activity: The amygdala is the brain’s “fight or flight” center, responsible for processing fear and stress. Regular meditation has been shown to decrease the size and reactivity of the amygdala, resulting in a significantly reduced stress response.
    • Altered brainwaves: Experienced meditators often exhibit higher levels of gamma brainwaves, which are associated with heightened perception and consciousness, even when not actively meditating. The practice also promotes more alpha and theta waves, correlating with a relaxed but alert state.
    • Increased neuroplasticity: Dedicated practice strengthens the brain’s capacity for neuroplasticity—its ability to form new neural connections based on experience. This allows the brain to re-wire itself in response to new information and challenges. 

    Cognitive and emotional effects

    • Improved attention and focus: Meditation strengthens the brain’s attention networks. This helps develop both sustained attention (the ability to stay focused on a task) and selective attention (the ability to filter out distracting stimuli).
    • Enhanced emotional regulation: The practice helps build emotional resilience and reduce automatic, negative reactions to stressors. By training the mind to observe thoughts without judgment, it can decrease rumination and allow for a more balanced response to challenging situations.
    • Reduced anxiety and depression: A wide range of studies show that mindfulness meditation can significantly reduce the symptoms of depression and anxiety. For some, its effects are comparable to those of antidepressant medication, offering an effective tool for managing these mental health conditions.
    • Greater self-awareness and self-compassion: Meditators often develop a clearer understanding of their own thoughts, feelings, and impulses. This can lead to greater psychological freedom, less impulsive behavior, and a more compassionate attitude toward oneself. 

    Physical health effects

    • Lowered blood pressure and heart rate: By activating the parasympathetic nervous system (the “rest and digest” response), meditation helps reduce resting heart rate and blood pressure, taking the body out of a chronic “fight or flight” state.
    • Reduced inflammation: Chronic stress increases inflammation, which contributes to many diseases. Meditation has been shown to reduce inflammatory markers and the expression of pro-inflammatory genes in the body.
    • Strengthened immune system: By reducing stress and inflammation, meditation can indirectly boost immune function. Studies on mindfulness training have observed stronger immune responses to vaccinations.
    • Improved sleep: By calming the nervous system, meditation can help shorten the time it takes to fall asleep and improve the overall quality of sleep.
    • Pain management: Meditation can alter the brain’s processing of pain, helping manage symptoms of chronic conditions like fibromyalgia and migraines. It does this by decoupling the physical sensation of pain from the emotional reaction to it. 

    As I said at the very beginning of this post, I write as a personal testimony, and out of gratitude. And in a more particular sense I write to those many, many people blighted by the curse of unhappiness, depression or any similar malady of the soul.

    I have proved to myself that lasting, genuine, dramatic change is possible.

    I hope you might “give it a go”.

    Illustration: A Man Reading: Rogier van der Weyden, c. 1450

  • 3 Evil Men

    3 Evil Men

    Why does a population of 9 billion allow itself to be enslaved by a handful of tyrannical despots?

    As we hurtle collectively towards oblivion, the saner among us might plan a happier and safer future – just in case the world doesn’t end anytime soon.

    Nothing short of revolution is needed. Not the typical bloody violence which has always led to domination by vicious Brobdingnagians – but a measured, just and peaceful regime change which ensures equality and that humanity can no longer be dominated by monsters.

    The first change I would recommend is that we agree to drastically reduce the world population by encouraging a lower rate of human reproduction. Not that such a reduction will reduce tyranny – but it may well deal a much needed death blow to the hideous bloat of capitalism and consumerism and at least ensure a return to a world of natural beauty and a balanced ecology.

    Capitalism ( or at least the evil it has created) is far from new. It is merely the latest incarnation of human greed and domination spawned by the industrial revolution. Prior to capitalism we had economic and political systems every bit as beastly as we have today – its just that they did not thrive by shoving useless junk down our throats. Think back over history and you will find the same scenario repeated infinitely and repetitively over time. Domination by the minority who have the energy, enthusiasm and malign desire to grab power and or wealth (or even better both) by robbery and violence.

    The so-called nobility and royalty of nations and states throughout the world have been led by thugs out to enrich themselves. Same for chieftains – a lesser species of noble. Remember the kindly African chieftains who sold their people to the slave trade. Yes, it is true that order was often created where chaos had previously existed (a claim often made for empires of the past) but order does not have to come from despotism or a ruling class.

    An entirely new system of governance and economy needs putting into place where the concept of equality is put harmoniously into practice. Democracy as it stands seems to need a fair bit of amending – perhaps a more decentralised model allowing all subjects to vote on more matters of concern – as in Switzerland. Rather than a small cadre of representatives voting on our behalf in a narrow two party system.

    As for the economy, control of resources should pass to the population as a whole rather than allow it to be amassed into a few hands controlling everything.

    Resources in the broadest sense. Land, air, water, transport, money.

    Super-intelligence may perhaps usher in an era of super abundance but if it remains under the control of a small band of self important tech “barons”, the benefit will remain mostly theirs. And the vast majority may find themselves in a worse position than ever before.

    Of course, I do not mean in this brief essay to set out any blueprint.  Merely broad principles. Human society sucks for the underdog and always has.

    Time for profound and lasting change.

  • Ditching Belief….

    Ditching Belief….

    … and the “Need to Know” is a big step on the road to peace and the elimination of suffering.

    My only “belief” is that one should “do unto others….” And rather than “others” I should perhaps say “other” since I don’t wish to exclude non human living things or the environment.

    I don’t need any evidence for this belief: it is simply the way I have come to feel I should lead my life. It is MY belief, no need for any faith. Is it important to do unto others as you would have others do unto you?  Well, it has become very important to me and that’s about all I can say. It isn’t a physical law or even a human law, it’s simply an emotion, a feeling, a personal choice.

    And as for the rest, I have ditched it all and feel immensely better for having done so. I don’t need to puzzle anymore over whether there is a god, whether animals have free will, whether the universe had a beginning or will have an end. Or why there are so many violent and greedy beasts in the human jungle.

    And I have no need for belief or faith in any of these matters.

    It is a vast freedom to kick all this rubbish into touch.

    There are no answers and so why bother with it at all?

    There is no evidence whatsoever as to the existence of the supernatural and so pro tem we are stuck with physical reality. Or at least what our senses tell us is out there in the physical world.

    And it’s equally impossible to prove the negative – so I’m not inclined to try.

    Alongside my own behaviour, which I will try to maintain, all I have to rely on is science. Which, despite the continuing horrors of our world, is the only factor since our very beginning which has made one jot of a difference to our lot.

    I won’t bother to state the obvious by listing all the good and bad things which science has brought us. But I eat well, don’t have to live in a damp, bug infested hovel and have a decent hospital round the corner. I wish I could say the same for all those millions who have had less luck on planet earth.

    I am following up on my post about Gurus. You don’t need them because most are deliberate fakes and those who are genuine are well intentioned but talking through their metaphorical backsides.  Pontificating on speculative matters and insisting that we must believe them. Why? Well because they say so, obviously.

    I’m not writing to be provocative. I am writing because I have found the ditching of belief and the need to know cathartic in the extreme.

    If I’m treading on the toes of your deepest held beliefs, well that’s just the way it is.  If you worship the Flying Spaghetti Monster and feel good for it, you must carry on. It does nobody any harm unless you force your beliefs down other people’s throats. Using verbal persuasion or even violence to convert others to your bizarre belief system has been as harmful as any human behaviour over the millennia. Believe as you wish and have the decency to let others do the same. 

    There ARE things I would like to know but the reality is that I will never find the answers.  My endless meditation has brought me peace and, I hope, has reinforced my determination to do unto others.

    It has not brought me arcane knowledge. I have not met god or the Flying Spaghetti Monster and if I were going to, I would have done it by now.  I have little idea what the universe is, or where it’s going, or what it’s “for”. Perhaps none of us will ever find out; and that’s all right – live with it.

    All I have is the sense that it is all proceeding as it will and that that is the way it is and the way it must be. I sense no great purpose out there, no overriding meaning. It all just “is”. We all just “are”. And that is enough – I have come to accept the situation and find greater peace in my life than ever before.

    Some would be outraged by my words. Some would understand my meaning and agree with me. 

    Ditching the need to know, dumping baseless faith has improved my life.

    That is good enough for me.

  • Who needs a guru?

    Who needs a guru?

    Nobody does. Certainly not the variety on public offer.

    It is tempting (or perhaps just lazy) to seek someone who claims to “Know”. To have “The Answer”. A cursory search on Amazon will provide you with thousands of authors who will give you the answer if you buy their book. The world is full of wellness retreats and spiritual gurus who suck in money from the gullible in return for a garbled word salad of  fantastical excrement. Sometimes with a dash of “sacred” magic mushroom or gut wrenching ayahuasca added to the mix.

    The world is full of thought systems. Attempts to answer the unanswerable.  I am wary of those who believe they have answers, but they are legion. Some wearing a more traditional cloak, a priest of some recognised religion. Some in the garb of charlatanism – the new agers, the modern druids, the purveyors of woo and auric eggs. Who remembers the venerable Betty Shine.

    The truth is there is little enough to distinguish all these pedlars of hope and certainty.

    But if I had to make a choice, my preference would be for someone who isn’t on the make.

    Traditionally a guru is a mentor or guide to those who seek spiritual knowledge. While the word is Sanscrit, the concept is applicable the world over. Many faiths have their gurus, though they may wear a different guise.

    I was at the National Gallery in London this week, looking at the newly hung and magnificent collection of medieval and early Renaissance paintings. The overwhelming majority of which depict Christian subjects.

    One particular portrait of a monk reached out to me. For all I know he could have been as vile as Rasputin or as drunk as Friar Tuck, but somehow a deep sincerity shone from his face – here was a guru I might have found acceptable. A wise and kindly man living a life of poverty, helping the poor and devoting himself to prayer and good works.  Although for all I know he was one of those who gave the monastic life a bad name and helped to usher in the Reformation.

    But my point is twofold.

    I suspect if I met the genuine article face to face, I would know. A light would shine, it would be blatantly obvious that here was a man who “Knew”.

    And yet I am not at all sure he would have much to teach me. Of course he would be a better person than I. He would be pure in mind and body, a healer of the sick, a man of modesty and humility.

    But he would teach by example, and for that I do not need to sit at his feet. I certainly do not need to read or believe his holy books. All I need to know is that here stands a good man.

    And that is what spirituality is. To me at least. The material world becomes translucent, the futility of ambition and power wanes and fades in a dark corner. I do not need a guru to tell me what I need to do. The way is blindingly obvious.

    But I do perhaps seek his company, his friendship. His goodness.  To bask in the radiance of his obvious decency and begninity.

    That is all I need from a wise man, a guru.

    The only thought system I need is how to behave, how to think, how to act. And after so many years of thought, I do not need anyone to tell me the answer.

    So yes, there are many systems of belief which teach much the same simple message but which have become cluttered with baseless supernatural speculation. You don’t need a guru to tell you all that nonsense.

    If you need a guru at all, it is for companionship along the difficult road of life. Preferably someone rather better than you are. More tolerant, kinder, better intentioned, humbler, further along the road of awareness.

    I don’t need Betty Shine to tell me about auric eggs. I have no interest in running an off-licence and turning water into wine. I don’t need to wail at Yahweh or bless the Prophet. I don’t need theosophy or the Perennial Philosophy. You can keep Madam Blavatsky.

    And if you think about it, you might decide you don’t need gurus either.

    Because quite honestly all you need is to go within. To consider life and where you might have gone wrong (or right). To listen in the silence for a voice, likely your own.

    If I came across a holy man, I would know what I had found and would be glad of it. He might be discovered in a monastery, a desert. He might be a train driver or a bus conductor. But I would know him when I met him.  Even if I didn’t need to be “taught”, I would still enjoy his company.

    So much nonsense spluttered over so many thousands of years. So much violence and greed. So many good ideas twisted and made evil.

    Who needs a guru when it is all so simple. If only we could adopt such simplicity, we would need little else to bring peace.

    Humility and kindness. Nothing else is really needed. Except a great deal of practice.

  • Letter from a Senior Devil

    Letter from a Senior Devil

    I have found that meditation does exactly what it says on the tin. But, for me at least, it has taken a long time to get there.

    I was chatting to a friend the other day. Like me, his life has been plagued by melancholy, and he describes the condition so well, in terms so very familiar to me.

    Even in the midst of great beauty and in the arms of his lovely family, he is struck by anhedonia. I mentioned to him that his older sister had asked my views on meditation when she was 11 years old. We were walking on Hampstead Heath and I was much taken aback by her impressive precocity. That was over 30 years ago and I am still amazed when I recall her earnest young face and her serious demeanour. And now her younger brother looks also to take up the practice.

    How very familiar my friend’s problem sounds: I travelled the world, I lived my entire life surrounded by beauty and yet I was never able to appreciate it. Bobbing around in Hong Kong harbour on the way to lunch on Lamma, exploring the glory of Tokyo and the Japanese Alps, balancing on my snowboard above Davos – the blackness never entirely left me, and never in any event for long.

    I have written much over the past few years on my battles with the daemon and at first it was an attempt to puzzle it out for my own purposes. To see my way out of the deep, deep dark of my embattled soul.

    Without any shadow of doubt, I have now learnt to control the dark, to mitigate it, to destroy its hold over me.  My friend has come to the conclusion that meditation is his best chance – his great hope. And my fervent desire is that it works for him – I have no doubt that it will. But I feel a great responsibility for him, and also towards any others who may have read my words and found in them a measure of encouragement.  I wanted to clarify and expand a little on my struggles – to point out a few of the traps I have stumbled into.  And at last escaped from.

    Above all I want to expand on something I touched on a few months back – holism, the necessity to alter one’s entire life and one’s entire outlook on life. Not just intellectually but actually – in day to day practice.

    I have always been a quiet sort of fellow at heart, contemplative, given to liturgy and choral music, the trappings of spirituality of all sorts. So probably my first mistake was to end up as an investment banker.

    In those days my journey into my own psyche had only just begun. I was deeply dissatisfied with a life which, on its surface, most would take to have been glittering and successful.

    I started with the Bible, I seem to recall. And Peake’s commentary.  Surely I had done something wrong, I must have sinned greatly. The answer to my misery, the way out, must reside in those dusty old pages written by a bunch of tribesmen and desert nomads thousands of years ago.

    I found no solace there, no answers. And a great deal of cruelty and misery as well as, admittedly, some beauty of language and thought.

    I worked my way through modern psychology, starting with Mesmer and Charcot then Freud and others. Hypnotism fascinated me and has remained a great interest. Much of psychology in general I found profoundly unhelpful, but then I guess I was looking for a silver bullet.

    And there, I believe, was my ultimate error. The search for a silver bullet. A one stop solution for my condition, a simple and above all quick escape from trauma and misery. Not for me the endless therapy of talk. Not for me the unfulfilled promises of the religion of my upbringing which assured me I was sinful, as was everyone around me. And that some pie in the sky fellow  would fix it all for me if only I would repent and agree that he (or she or it) was the Dogs Bollox.

    I turned east and felt I had arrived in fertile territory at last. Buddhism, Taoism, Shinto.

    I was deeply puzzled by the canon, the law of the east, much as I had been by that of the west. The same beliefs in gods and demons, flying carpets and impossible miracles. Even in those early days, I leaned towards secular Buddhism and dispensed with supernatural faery tales.

    I was taxed, for quite a time, by the concept of nirvana. What exactly was it and how did you bring it on? Time wasted I fear – the evident truth was much more prosaic but nonetheless deeply useful.

    I took on meditation right from the very beginning of my search all those years ago.  I practiced on ski lifts (I spent most of my career dealing in financial instruments from my snowboard in the mountains above Klosters), on trains, on my frequent flights here, there and everywhere.

    I didn’t really know what I was looking for, how I should feel, what my practice was supposed to achieve, and above all when. I had some peace in the mountains and quite a bit of fun, but the clouds never truly lifted and the sun never shone for very long.

    Looking back I was living an illusion. I had read all the advertising and the hype (including translations of original texts and some mostly awful modern interpretations). I was captivated by the concepts and certainly convinced by the moral aspects of the teachings. But somehow my approach was clearly too intellectual and remote.  The reality, looking back, was that I understood it all but never really lived it.

    And my meditation came and went, in fits and starts – I was never very clear or very sure what it had achieved or hadn’t.

    At the same time, and over many years, I endlessly explored physical remedies. I moved countries, jobs and apartments frequently. From Tokyo to Kong Kong, from Singapore back to London and then to Switzerland. And within Switzerland from Zurich to Zug, then Villars and finally Klosters. Via a house in Le Touquet which I kept at the same time for good measure.

    And then the pills and countless other doomed projects – St John’s Wort, Omega 3 oil, CBD oil, magic mushrooms.

    I returned to meditation in a more serious way some 3 or 4 years ago but by that time I had managed to achieve a little wisdom.  By then I was too jaded to continue the useless search for a quick fix. I realised that leaving aside a lobotomy or the adoption of The Final Solution, I had to fix myself by developing what I rather grandiloquently call a world view – and by living it. And it helped, greatly. If there is one thing I can thank the psilocybin for, it was in helping me to think in a different way, changing my mind, even if, in the end, it nearly did for me.

    And so back to holism.  A term I have tended to deride in the past but I cannot think of a better way of putting it.  After so many years of fruitless searching, I suddenly began to sense that there were so many aspects of my own behaviour which had caused me untold damage over the years.  And so I began turning my internal life upside down.  Since no rearrangement of my external circumstances had ever made any difference.

    In physical terms I ensure that I eat healthily and relatively sparsely, exercise rigorously and get plenty of sleep. I don’t touch alcohol or cigarettes (I gave both up many years ago). I read, play the piano, and occasionally sing. And I listen to myself (and occasionally my wife) very, very carefully.

    Importantly I realised that I knew enough. That it was pointless to continue to believe that anyone else had any better answers, let alone The Answer.  And so I abandoned  much of what I had agonised about over many decades. Religion, philosophy, science – to hell with Sartre and Sisyphus, Camus and god himself.

    But I did see that I had picked up kernels of truth from all over the place over very many years, and that perhaps the time had come to practice seriously. Rather than read or write or pontificate.

    I began to meditate in a way that I had never done before.  Seeking nothing, but letting whatever was out there (or in there) come to me. And letting it seep through every aspect of my life. I have pursued meditation every single day since then, for an hour or two, followed by meditative exercise and yoga.

    What came through most clearly was the destructiveness of my own thoughts and their relentless, dull repetitiveness. And slowly, very slowly, over the past few years I have been able to change my thoughts and drop the damaging, obsessive worrying and the clinging to hopeless desires and ambitions.

    What also began to emerge was empathy and the realisation that life was far from simple for any of us. Much of the moral guidance of the hoary old tomes I had read  now assumed far greater importance. Difficult to understand quite how or why, but I seemed more able to concentrate less on my own useless obsessions and think more about what was going on around me, and to others.

    And so my days became different and my behaviour less obsessive (or autistic?).  I spent far less time at my computer – I realised the huge daily mental effort was a major cause of my blackness. What had once seemed cardinal became far less so. Yes, I would continue to trade for the intellectual challenge, but I would no longer let acquisition and the desire for more ruin my life.

    I learnt to use a dimmer switch when I sensed I was overdoing it. I can be overwhelmed by things many people take in their stride. Too many people, too much conversation. Too much thinking. Too much Netflix, too much anything.  I had to learn to moderate my life, every aspect of it. I had to realise that I was not who I thought I was, not who or what I would like to be.

    And I have tried to be better behaved, kinder, more thoughtful – a daily struggle and not always successful but certainly worth the effort for my own happiness and for those around me.

    So perhaps awareness has been my biggest takeaway from my endless (and perhaps excessive?) meditation. That I was ruining my own life, quite unnecessarily, and that much of what I had considered important in the past wasn’t. And could be abandoned for a better way of life.

    And yes, there have been surprising physical and mental benefits to my practice. A satori or three here and there. Some “visions” not unlike those produced by psychedelics. And peace, real peace which often lasts throughout the day (but which flees rapidly if I forget to use my dimmer switch).

    And so to a younger sufferer I would say stand back. Go inwards, see what you are all about. Be quiet, be still. Listen – to yourself, the wind, the birds, the very universe itself. And let go – above all else let go. A journey inward paradoxically becomes in the end a journey outward. A realisation that we are all part of a whole and that perhaps the whole matters more than the parts. That perhaps we individually are not so very important and should let go of our small vanities and concerns.

    I hope that my words may help. I hope that I make some sense and that the tales of my own struggles may be of some use to my young friend. And to any others who may read of my efforts.

    I no longer find myself asking what the universe is about or how I fix it.  I exist, I am and with that I seem to find myself content.

  • War and Peace

    War and Peace

    Lasting peace can never be achieved through violence.

    Having bombed, maimed and murdered its way through Korea, Vietnam, Iraq, Syria, Libya and Iran the US has the gullible stupidity to claim that it has acted for peace.

    Not that the Arabs, Koreans or Vietnamese are any better. Not that any society is.

    Trump is proud of his “achievements” it seems but then the man is a vain fool. As are his followers. His recent comments on Hiroshima emphasise the depths of the man’s crass ignorance and witless stupidity.

    But of course he is merely the latest incarnation of man’s venal foolishness.

    Remember 9/11? The Arab world has reason enough to hate the US, and yet our neighbours over the pond continue to make the same sad mistakes and were affronted and surprised when the people they had mistreated for decades blew up a couple of skyscrapers in New York.

    And the Israelis – still living their Old Testament dreams it seems.

    What a swine Yahweh was:

    “Happy is the one who seizes your infants and dashes them against the rocks.”

    “God, isn’t god a shit” – as Randolph Churchill once said.

    And now the whole world seems set on war, once again. How tedious.  Build up your stock of deadly toys, recruit more cannon fodder. Invade and commit unspeakable horror everywhere you can. Take over Taiwan. Nuke the Russians. Crush the evil Chinese. Invade Canada, take over Greenland by force.  Eradicate the Ukraine.

    There are no good people in all this, just bloodthirsty baddies who haven’t worked out the lessons of the past. Perhaps these thugs are aiming for an afterlife in Valhalla. Who knows the depths of their depraved ignorance.

    There are those who seem to like war and violence. The armies themselves. The dictators like Trump and Putin. The psychopaths and nutters. Make America Great Again. And Russia, China, Germany, North Korea….and so on as infinitum.  Grab your neighbour’s minerals, water, gold and metals, precious earth. Erect tariff barriers, cripple them all, those beyond your gates, the barbarians at your doorstep.

    What happened to the  little Indian chap in the loincloth? A true hero, old Gandhi.

    Surely we need more of those? Peaceniks, ban the bombers, tree-huggers, refuseniks, passive resisters.

    More who will turn cheeks, smite motes, espouse modesty and reason.

    Lay down your arms.

  • An Atheist’s Guide to Nirvana

    An Atheist’s Guide to Nirvana

    Transcendence is a reality and can change life for the better. It can be sought out and it can be achieved. The more you have the experience, the easier it becomes to trigger and the more often it comes unbidden and unlooked for.

    The word “transcendence” sounds grandiose and unduly religious – perhaps a less controversial way to describe the experience is Abraham Maslow’s phrase: the “peak experience”. Sounds secular, even scientific perhaps. Less arty, less poetic. But the same thing nonetheless.

    Anyone claiming to have had experience of “transcendence” tends to  sound like a new age hippy.  A religious nutter.  A fake messiah.  A crank, a would be promoter of a sinister new sect.  The reality is that such states are relatively common and the experiencer is more likely to be the man on the Clapham omnibus.

    States of transcendence have been experienced and described throughout the ages. It seems best to view them as an alternate state of consciousness – a different experience  of the physical reality we find ourselves in.  Rather than an entry into a supernatural or non-physical realm.

    Nonetheless, such experiences are radical and life changing. They make the physical reality we inhabit as special and magical as those we describe in faery tales and religious texts.

    Transcendent states don’t have to be imagined or believed in. Anyone can have one and  transform their experience of an otherwise unsatisfactory world.

    Doubtless those of a more traditionally religious state of mind will find my opinions unacceptable (even blasphemous). But  those unwilling to accept religious dogma will no doubt be far more amenable to belief in a different state of mind, a different perception of reality, which does not rely on non physical worlds or realms.  Or gods.

    The latter position is where I find my own beliefs to lie.

    I believe that the world is strange enough as it is and that there is no need to posit  supernatural causes or entities. In addition, transcendent states of mind make it possible to actually experience the sorts of qualia otherwise only described by the various religions.  “The Peace of God”, “Nirvana”, “Moksha” and so on. 

    There are practical routines which can lead us to our own transcendent episodes, and once experienced, our universe begins to look very different.

    It is unnecessary here to dwell on the nature of such experiences, which has been so often dealt with elsewhere, but often those who claim first hand knowledge talk of profound peace, tranquility and a sense of gnosis.

    There is no science to this, no proof of the existence of the state. It is subjective and self-reported, like any other state of mind.  Science is, however, making increasing efforts to track the neural correlates of such states, and brain activity does show characteristic markers in those who submit to tests.

    The reality of transcendence can be enjoyed by anyone who engages  in routines which tend to bring on the experience.  Which seems good enough. You don’t need a scientist or proof when you can bring about a state of transcendence or peak experience for yourself.

    What you make of the experience is, of course, up to you.

    Those of a religious frame of mind tend to see their god or other anchor of their belief system

    I have continuously queried such states over a number of years and god was noticeable by his absence. But then that would be expected – we tend to see what we believe is out there and over the years my atheism has become more pronounced. 

    For around four years I took psychedelics on a regular basis – for much the same reason as Alduous Huxley.  While fascinating, god again refused to make an appearance. Pure ecstasy was to be found in abundance however, and I found myself thankful that psilocybin is not addictive.

    I have found yoga and meditation equally proficient in producing  peak experiences.  I get many of the same bizarre effects, albeit on a less radical scale. I can feel my mind and body profoundly altered and my view of the world becomes clear and benign. 

    Unlike with psychedelics, the experience lasts and the alterations in one’s psyche are, it seems, permanent.

    The changes in my own personality and behaviour have accelerated over the past few years. I have become quieter and more contemplative and ever more sure that our species has it all wrong.  I no longer feel anger at the world – simply quiet acceptance.  Once an ambitious capitalist, I have come to be amused by those who pile up vast dirt balls for themselves, and I no longer believe that achieves anything worth having.

    I note arrogance, greed and aggression all around me. The suicidal mania on our roads, the destruction of our habitat, the callous, careless and selfish behaviour of so many of us. I note with wry amusement the behaviour of our “leaders” and realise that it has always been thus. How “amusing” that the Israelis are now bombing the shit out of Iran, having committed genocide in Gaza. What great lessons, what wisdom they drew from the Holocaust.  And the Iranian mullahs – how valuable their faith has been in promoting tolerance and world peace. 

    It is business as usual in the world at large.  Planning and scheming, grabbing and killing, re-arming and restocking with dread weapons.  Talking of war and annihilation instead of peace and harmony .

    Perhaps though, a better world is possible. Perhaps we will grow up. Perhaps more of us will come to see obscene material wealth for the abomination it is.  And that violence achieves nothing.

    I believe that turning inwards, adopting simplicity, trying to better ourselves might work one fine day.

    Back in 2018 I started a blog called “Weltanschauung”. My worldview is now largely complete. My years of meditation and contemplation have, in some senses, achieved nothing at all. I am no richer, I have no power, I am not famous.

    And yet, in general, I am happy, which is a state I have never before managed to achieve.

    And yes, I do attribute that to my “peak experiences”, my increasingly frequent transcendence to a very different state of mind.  To my many hours of meditation and yoga each day. To my contemplation and my realisations.

    I have proved to myself that a better world is possible, and I take much solace from that. It will not arrive by violent revolution or by the dictat of some imaginary god. It will come, if at all, by slow and incremental change. By evolution perhaps. By a slow realisation that a good life, a meaningful existence, can never be achieved by greed and violence. By more of us turning towards simplicity and peace and realising that nothing more is required.

    I am a man on the Clapham Omnibus, one of 10 bn souls on this planet.  On the Planck scale really – almost infinitely small and insignificant.  And yet I seem to have achieved a different state of mind, which has improved my life immensely.  I cannot help but believe that all of us could and should do the same.  And that if we did, many good things would be possible.

  • Extremism

    Extremism

    If there can be said to be a “root” of evil look no further than extremism. 

    Here are a few useful synonyms:

    Radicalism
    Fanaticism
    Ultraism
    Intolerance
    Zealotry
    Dogmatism

    If there can be said to be a “hell” then it is certain that we humans create it.

    Here a few antonyms:

    Moderation
    Centrism
    Compromise
    Tolerance
    Nuance

    I wonder whether extremism or its opposite would make for a more pleasant environment?

    Extreme behaviour can perhaps be linked to our unfortunate evolution which has led to the desire to survive, usually by conquest and domination. Soon after the emergence of the first animal, the tooth and claw evolved. From there it was a short and seemingly inevitable step to the concentration camp, the atom bomb, ethnic cleansing and all the other fun of the human fair.

    Tragically we seem ever closer to the ability to create a genuine utopia – the elimination of so much of what has made animal life unbearable over the many millennia of existence on this planet. Thanks to science we no longer have to rely on manna – we have the ability but apparently not the desire or determination to eliminate hunger. It is much the same with pain – in the developed world, anaesthetics and drugs can relieve us of the necessity of suffering.  Not so in the poorer quarters of the planet – sharing seems unaligned with our inherited behaviour.

    We have begun to achieve feats only ever dreamed of by the alchemist – only recently some base element was transmuted briefly into gold. Unlimited free energy surrounds us to do our bidding. Even life itself may eventually be prolonged indefinitely.

    And yet as a species we still cling to ways of behaviour bred into us and our very distant ancestors over billions of years. The worship of self, the desire to accumulate “matter” and keep it all for ourselves, despite the increasing clarity that matter is for all intents and purposes infinite. As of course is energy.

    There is a social hierarchy in all animals it seems.  Few of them seem to lead to peaceful co-existence either inter-se or across different herds, tribes and species.  War and violence have dominated human history – the savage, far from being noble, was simply a less technically developed version of our current selves.

    Weapons have existed since the very beginning of our existence, and with them  the same breed of brutal strongman we see today. Women seem rather better behaved and nicer people – the alpha female seems rare.

    Only the strongest and toughest tend to get ahead in our world.  The mentally and physically tough, those with the will to succeed at all costs. And in general their aim is self aggrandisement and domination, extremism and a determination to insist that they and only they are “right”.

    I’m sure I have ignored counter examples, but they seem few and far between. FDR in the 1930s seemed well motivated, but such exceptions are vanishingly rare. And in any event I don’t know enough about the man or the era.

    In general it is the more moderate and tolerant human who seems to want what is good for all, but such people don’t normally seem to possess the desire to climb the greasy pole. Hardly surprising, since climbing to the top inevitably involves dedicated aggression and single minded concern for self above others.

    Is there any answer to our plight? Should there be? Is there anything to be done?

    My thought is that only very gradual change could ever work and that it would have to be voluntary.

    Any sudden, dramatic and extreme change always brings out the worst in our species.

    Was Marx a well meaning cove? Or just another flawed human with no real desire to heal? Whatever he was, no good has flowed from his works. He spawned some of the worst monsters and psychopaths in history.

    What good can ever come from violent revolution?

    There have been exceptionally decent people who have popped up throughout history, offering some rather less offensive solutions.  But few have listened to them, especially the monsters.

    And of those who did listen, some created monstrosity and beastliness wholly out of line with the good intentions of the original idea.

    It is a sad paradox that far from creating a better world, religion has thrown up extremist monsters just as intent on conquest, wealth and domination as their secular counterparts.

    Sad that we humans have not listened to the good words of the well meaning folk who came up with the original thoughts. Tragic that such “faith” has been used to support war and terrorism rather than peace or harmony.

    From the insane Christian right to the equally unbalanced madness of the other Abrahamic faiths, intolerance and violence make a mockery of the basic decency the founders envisaged.

    Has any other religion fared any better? I’m not sure.

    We don’t need it. Any of it. All we need is to change our own behaviour and renounce our genetic inheritance.

    Will it ever happen? I think it could – slowly and over time if more and more of us caught up with the undeniable fact that violence and greed do not bring anything we should or could want.

    Easy to talk. Words are cheap. But it must inevitably be a personal choice to “smite the mote”.   I suspect that a better society can only emerge if each of us concentrates on getting his own life in order rather than bemoaning the acts of insanity perpetrated by others. 

    What drives the monster? Are we ourselves monsters in the making, given the right circumstances? Highly probably.

    Regrettably the solution is as extreme and radical as all the abhorrent behaviour I have described: just drop it. Stop. Down tools.  Turn our own lives around for the better. Use passive resistance.

    Watch our own thoughts like a hawk. Put an end to our own insecurities and greed and fear. Refuse to compete – instead we should cooperate and ignore the ghastly throat cutting capitalists.

    Feed the poor and hungry, treat the sick. House people properly, educate them well.  Ignore our own fears and abandon our seemingly inbuilt desire to destroy others in an insane drive for the material.

    Will it ever happen? Well it certainly could – the way is clear enough. The means are there, the intelligence, the technology, the resources. The ideas, the blueprints.

    I hope a silent, slow and non-violent revolution comes about.  But as I have learnt over my many decades in the financial markets, prediction is futile. Perhaps we will improve, perhaps we won’t.

    There again it would be little real surprise were we to be wiped out by some catastrophe, man made or otherwise.

    For my own peace of mind, I choose not to worry about it.

  • No Man is an Island

    No Man is an Island

    Peace can be found by treating life as a whole, and not otherwise.

    Holism is an ancient philosophical concept stretching back over much of human history, even if the word itself arose from the unlikely pen of Jan Smuts early in the 20th century.

    If we have become jaded by the often comic use of the word in ‘new age’ marketing ploys, we ignore the concept itself at our peril.

    If we dig a little more deeply, we become enmeshed in the endless debate between the metaphysicians and the materialists.  The materialists hold that all things can be explained by reference to the parts from which they are made. Their opponents argue that the whole is greater than the sum of its constituent parts.

    Emergence, to put it another way. We humans are made from the apparently inert substance from which the rest of the universe comes, and yet consciousness arises.

    We humans are a complex adaptive system within an infinitely larger system.  We cannot be understood without studying the whole. 

    No man is an island,
    Entire of itself;
    Every man is a piece of the continent,
    A part of the main.
    If a clod be washed away by the sea,
    Europe is the less,
    As well as if a promontory were:
    As well as if a manor of thy friend’s
    Or of thine own were.
    Any man’s death diminishes me,
    Because I am involved in mankind.
    And therefore never send to know for whom the bell tolls;
    It tolls for thee.

    It isn’t just poetry: John Donne was profoundly correct.

    So the seeker of tranquility must first look at himself and then take the wider world into account.  As to himself, he must consider not only his mind and body but also their interactions with the environment.

    Health in mind and body spring from pretty simple routines, but surprisingly few of us are willing to put in the effort.  The right foods, avoiding junk and alcohol. Exercise and relaxation. Avoiding excess (in anything).

    Balance in other words, a middle way. Again, common sense which doesn’t actually seem too common.  Some of course can’t follow these routines: poverty, illness, incarceration aren’t helpful to a balanced way of life.

    And as to our interactions with the rest of the world, it is difficult to imagine that a life of intolerance, cruelty, violence or aggression can bring much happiness.  Do unto others. And yet of course so many of us fail to take the point. Or refuse to. Or don’t want to.

    I find it difficult to imagine that Benjamin Netanyahu can congratulate himself on a life well lived. It is hard to believe he and his cronies have found peace or can sleep at night.

    But on a smaller scale, even the most humble seeker of peace won’t succeed unless he tries to live in harmony with those around him. To give out kindness not abuse. To think and act with decency and respect towards all those he comes into contact with.

    Holism: no man is an island. We are part of a biosphere, an ecology. Part of a society.  Even if we are of a hermetic bent, we can still ruin the life of those around us if we are careless in our words and actions.  And if we ruin the lives of others, if we treat animals with careless cruelty, if we don’t give a damn about our planet or our environment – then it is hard to imagine we ourselves will find much peace.

    But you have to start somewhere. We may not be an island but if we are to comprehend what we are and where we fit in, it is best to start with our own thoughts. Since no action happens unless it is born as a thought.

    Ignore the scientists who say we are  robots and that thoughts do not precede actions, that the only causality is physical. Atoms hitting atoms over billions of years so that we can retrace our history to the beginning and see our future to the end.

    We must assume causation from thought. We must assume that at our very centre we are our thoughts.

    In the beginning was the thought.

    If you cannot initially change your thoughts, you can at least watch them. And if you become proficient enough in watching, you soon find you can resist acting on uncharitable or harmful thoughts. Eventually such unwanted thoughts become less frequent. With luck they may disappear altogether.

    Right thinking is where we want to get to. Everything else follows from an internal benignity.

    Aligning your thoughts with a desired pattern of behaviour seems to become self propelling. As man thinketh.

    It’s always a work in progress of course. A lifelong effort to be what we would like to be and to behave as we would wish. No doubt some succeed more entirely than others, some more quickly and some less so.

    But to make a start, to begin to turn out life upside down and get it “right”, brings with it tangible, concrete rewards. Or so most of us are likely to find.

    No man is an island and without taking ourselves in hand, living well as a whole and as part of a whole, we are unlikely to find peace.

    It has taken me most of my life to reach such a conclusion, and it’s entirety to put my views even partially into action. Better late than never.